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The Maryland State Colonization Society was the Maryland branch of the American Colonization Society, an organization founded in 1816 with the purpose of returning free African Americans to what many Southerners considered greater freedom in Africa. The ACS helped to found the colony of Liberia in 1821–22, as a place for freedmen.〔Bateman, Graham; Victoria Egan, Fiona Gold, and Philip Gardner (2000). ''Encyclopedia of World Geography''. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. pp. 161. ISBN 1-56619-291-9.〕 The Maryland State Colonization Society was responsible for founding the Republic of Maryland in West Africa, a short lived independent state that in 1857 was annexed by Liberia. The goal of the society was "to be a remedy for slavery", such that "slavery would cease in the state by the full consent of those interested", but this end was never achieved, and it would take the outbreak of civil war to bring slavery to an end in Maryland. ==Foundation== (詳細はCharles Carroll of Carrollton, who was himself a Marylander and a substantial slaveholder.〔(Gurley, Ralph Randolph, Ed., p.251, ''The African Repository'', Volume 3 ) Retrieved January 15, 2010.〕 Although he supported the gradual abolition of slavery, he did not free his own slaves, perhaps fearing that they might be rendered destitute in the process〔(Miller, Randall M., and Wakelyn, Jon L., p.214, ''Catholics in the Old South: Essays on Church and Culture'' ) Mercer University Press (1983). Retrieved January 21, 2010.〕 Carroll introduced a bill for the gradual abolition of slavery in the Maryland senate but it did not pass.〔(Leonard, Lewis A. p.218, ''Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton'' ) New York, Moffat, Yard and Company, (1918). Retrieved January 21, 2010.〕 Many wealthy Maryland Planters were members of the MSCS. Among these were the Steuart family, who owned considerable estates in the Chesapeake Bay, including George H. Steuart, Major General of the Maryland Militia, who was on the board of Managers, along with his father James Steuart, who was vice-president, and his brother, the physician Richard Sprigg Steuart, also on the board of managers.〔(''The African Repository, Volume 3'', 1827, p.251, edited by Ralph Randolph Gurley ) Retrieved January 15, 2010.〕 In an open letter to John Carey in 1845, published in Baltimore by the printer John Murphy, Richard Sprigg Steuart set out his views on the subject of slavery in Maryland. Such opinions must have been widespread among Maryland slaveholders: :"The colored man () look to Africa, as his only hope of preservation and of happiness...it can not be denied that the question is fraught with great difficulties and perplexities, but...it will be found that this course of procedure...will...at no very distant period, secure the removal of the great body of the African people from our State. The President of the Maryland Colonization Society points to this in his address, where he says "the object of Colonization is to prepare a home in Africa for the free colored people of the State, to which they may remove when the advantages which it offers, and above all the pressure of irresistible circumstances in this country, shall excite them to emigrate."〔Richard Sprigg Steuart, ''Letter to John Carey'' 1845, (pp.10-11. ) Retrieved January 21, 2010.〕 The society proposed from the outset "to be a remedy for slavery", and declared in 1833: :"''Resolved'', That this society believe, and act upon the belief, that colonization tends to promote emancipation, by affording the emancipated slave a home where he can be happier than in this country, and so inducing masters to manumit who would not do so unconditionally...(that ) at a time not remote, slavery would cease in the state by the full consent of those interested."〔(Stebbins, Giles B., ''Facts and Opinions Touching the Real Origin, Character, and Influence of the American Colonization Society: Views of Wilberforce, Clarkson, and Others'', published by Jewitt, Proctor, and Worthington (1853). ) Retrieved February 16, 2010.〕 The society was founded in part as a response to the threat of slave rebellion, such as that of Nat Turner in Virginia in 1832. Among Southern whites, the prospect of a slave revolt was a constant concern. The Maryland State Colonization Society was seen as a remedy for slavery that would lead ultimately to emancipation by peaceful means.〔(Yarema, Allan E., p.29, ''American Colonization Society: An Avenue To Freedom?'' ) Retrieved September 2010〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maryland State Colonization Society」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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